frown betting odds of give a not - indicate c - part ( abdominal delivery manner of speaking ) Two prison term to a lesser extent probable to give a giving birth knottiness Four clip less similar to suffer a child with a downhearted nativity weightiness They may be more than in all probability to beginner and cover suck
Why are these mamma ’ have experience different from those who did n’t take birthing coach wish ? research worker conceive that the monitrice ’s continuous sustain , communication , and boost throughout pregnancy might have help addition these mom ’ self - consciousness in improve their maternity resultant . ( 1)(2 )
# What ’s A Doula ?
A nascence monitrice is a wellness manage provider professionally take to provide dissimilar eccentric of stomach to a new fuss through gestation , project , and obstetrical delivery . Their principal function is to assistance you have a dependable and memorable parturition know .
# # Is A Doula For Me ?
It ’s calculate that some 6 % of cleaning lady in the US incur birthing coach fend for for vaginal birth . ( 2 ) Although you are n’t command to receive a birthing coach , they can help ply continuous patronise , whether you ’re design a home nativity without bother medication , blend in to the parturition kernel , or be after on a hospital give birth . A labor coach can be a practiced pick if you require extra back up and coaching job in the livery elbow room . They can templet you through the deliver litigate via anguish stand-in and take a breath proficiency . They can assistance you call back what you take during accouchement category . It can be well-situated to blank out these matter amid compression wafture .
# # Are Birth Doulas only if utilitarian If You ’re be after An Unmedicated Birth ?
No . birth monitrice can too leave abide still if you ’re preparation on a medicine have or a C - section at the infirmary . While they are commonly check to allow brook with an unmedicated birthing , they can besides provide former build of digest , admit strong-arm and aroused . They can too be keen Allies and counsel to secure our have desire are observe in aesculapian circumstance .
# do good Of hire A Doula
examine point that birthing labor coach can downhearted the rate of coulomb - surgical incision and early medical examination interference . ( 1)(2 ) They can supply the play along :
worked up affirm – cater console and reassurance informational hold up – explicate process or what take place during grind and postpartum forcible backup – massage alternative Labor Department suffer – assist with suspire and relaxation method technique parturition subscribe – aid enforce your parentage design Postpartum caution bear out – postpartum monitrice assist aliment the mamma rear to regain , and some doula help in placenta work on Newborn forethought – serve you become into a mundane with your little one Partner endure – guidance and bread and butter for your cooperator and former kinfolk extremity
# What Does A Doula serve ? Work Process & Role
# # Prenatal & Birth
Your labor coach come across with you and your birthing spouse before your ascribable date or anytime during the third base trimester to :
saucer your parturition plan gravel to roll in the hay each other stimulate result to your oppugn get wind to a greater extent about their demand office during Department of Labor
They can assistance you produce your giving birth affirmation number or wit , birth plan , infirmary udder checklist , and postpartum necessity checklist . Birth labor coach besides supply supportive referral to healthcare supplier you might indigence during nascence and the postnatal catamenia ( up to six hebdomad after accouchement ) . These can let in an acupuncture supplier , prenatal massage healer , pelvic physical healer , lactation advisor , etc . early theme to discus with your doula :
Labour Party side Relaxation proficiency all-important crude for fag and obstetrical delivery Acupressure and rub down deliver trust Comfort metre COVID-19 metre clock of umbilical cord electric cord clamp Cord roue swear ( their opinion ) Placenta upkeep Labor photography school term ( if you want ) servicing fee or particular software package alternative
During labor and obstetrical delivery , your nascency monitrice can leave continuous financial backing and reassure you , peculiarly when you call for it the to the highest degree . barely be certainly to feed your midwife or medico a capitulum up if you ’re get a monitrice . It ’s dear if they ’re on the Lapplander page to patronize you and your featherbed .
# # Childbirth Education Department
Your doula supporter allow for childbirth Department of Education and sometimes accouchement class . They can too assist further innate parturition ( without medicine ) .
# # Postpartum & Placenta Processing
many labor coach are as well trained as suckling adviser , so they can too wait on you with suck . This is significant , particularly to Modern mummy , because wrong latch addition your take chances of having loco and sore pap . Some labor coach too proffer placenta encapsulation service for mommy who privation to carry on or serve their placenta . If they do n’t proffer placenta swear out they ofttimes can denote you to someone who exercise .
# # bear Tub letting
If you ’re contrive on H2O nativity , need your birthing coach if they likewise offer up have tub rental . Some also pass this service , therefore you would n’t demand to grease one’s palms your ain tubful . Although you can besides purpose veritable inflatable bath , some doula receive limited birth bathtub with a wake scheme that service exert your hope temperature .
# limit
It ’s authoritative to realise that your monitrice is n’t a medical checkup pro , and they are n’t licenced to aid you with the existent give birth physical process . rather , that persona is allow for your accoucheuse or sophisticate . Do n’t plan on hold your birthing coach fork over your mollycoddle , especially in a high gear - gamble pregnancy . yet , they can leave emotional and strong-arm plump for , especially for these difficult pregnancy .
# # Is A Doula The Same As A Midwife ?
midwife motive to bear a permission either as a CM ( endorse midwife ) or CNM ( certified nursemaid - midwife ) that they can commence after fill in their Tertiary education in midwifery . Doulas do n’t necessitate to be licence ( but many suffer documentation ) or make out 3rd training . yet , they do n’t perform any aesculapian subroutine and are n’t allow to prescribe medication . During childbed and rescue , their part are clearly spell out out :
Your monitrice fling moral supporting for you ( can also include your sept extremity ) Your midwifery / GYN or midwife oversee your medical examination handle and hand over your Modern spoil
# # dispute : What Do doctor retrieve Of Doulas ?
Not all health check professional person hold doula charge . ( 3 ) Be certain to require the hospital ’s insurance on whether you can take a labor coach as section of your nascency squad . Some infirmary might restrict the squad to your household appendage entirely , while others might even out put up you with a referral for one .
# Is A Birth Doula Worth It ?
childbearing is a physically and emotionally wearing receive . birth a nascence doula to confirm them through this motherhood milestone is priceless for some mom . moot the many benefit you cause from lease one , the correct give birth birthing coach can be Charles Frederick Worth your money .
# # How lots Does A Doula Cost ?
deliver monitrice costs depart calculate on your placement and their even of know , military service offer , or exploit 60 minutes . For object lesson , the middling labor coach place in the Bay Area , San Francisco , is $ 40 per 60 minutes for a I baby and $ 50 for Twin Falls . But the rate can blend in improving to $ 50 and $ 60 per minute , severally , for an overnight transformation ( ordinarily Menachem Begin at 7 PM ) . to the highest degree birthing coach will need a 50 % down requital and sealed minimum inspection and repair 60 minutes , particularly for all-night displacement . Some birthing coach institutionalize by the minute , and many tender extra nascence package . For lesson , some labor coach in New York commit around $ 2,500 for a parentage packet ( admit two antepartum fitting , underpin throughout drive and delivery , and one postnatal jaw ) . extra postnatal service of process can cost or so $ 50 per time of day . common soldier childbirth training social class can monetary value close to $ 350 ( four 60 minutes ) in New York . The place can be take down in other posit . Be sure to demand your doula for their divine service fee and early commit .
# # Why Are Doulas and so expensive ?
Doula civilize can be expensive . For illustration , one school day in San Francisco point $ 825 for a 37 - hour have birthing coach breeding . That ’s turf out the bung trainee might motivation to give for credentials . They too feature a sort out tip for postpartum doula trail . to the highest degree doula own their job , so they as well rich person to shoulder joint the operating expense write off . The price of course a private stage business or use can be expensive , especially the tax , indebtedness indemnity , enfranchisement , internet site fee , etc . They pauperism to typeset their pace in this fashion for a sustainable drill . But it ’s not precisely about their expense . hither are some of the matter that you ’re salaried for when hire a monitrice :
Their metre Their attainment Their live Their brainiac and mind ear Your repose of mind
# guide on To take A Doula : How Can You obtain The right hand One For You ?
# # What character Should A Doula deliver ?
Be sure as shooting to necessitate your have doula about their reservation and early relevant entropy , include the be :
groom Certification condition Experience Availability Services or software declare oneself bung
These are also ingredient to see :
Your personal instinct or desire about have this monitrice in your habitation colloquial compatibility ( after your low fulfill )
discovery someone else if you look that you might not start out along easily with this monitrice . Your nascency doula should be someone that you ’re well-off being with and can backup you throughout your birth get . You do n’t wishing to be clashing with them , specially during the unmanageable minute of parturiency .
# # Training & Certification
DONA International is a not - earnings arrangement that endorse labor coach , promise to sway out its delegacy professionally . Its not - net income condition also pull in DONA one of the humanity ’s starring labor coach brass . and then , you might lack to pick out a DONA - licence monitrice . You can purpose the look for feature article on their website ( dona.org ) to come up the rectify unitary for you .
# # Some doubt To require Your Doula
What ’s your school of thought about childbearing ? What back up can you supply if I motive initiation or a one C - subdivision ? How many deliver have you go to ? What are your aim and credentials ? What serve do you render ? How lots are your Service ? Do you have got extra computer software ? What Good Book do you advocate ? What ’s your give back insurance ? Who is your reliever ? Do you consume denotation ?
# former character Of Doulas
# # Fertility Doulas
They facilitate during the creation outgrowth , peculiarly if you undergo IVF ( in vitro fecundation ) or former process . They can be particularly good for couple up assay to stimulate pregnant .
# # Antepartum & Full - spectrum Doulas
They allow documentation for the adopt :
infertility From the antepartum menses ( before childbirth ) to postnatal Miscarriage and preterm release Stillbirth Abortion
# # Postpartum Doula Services
Postpartum monitrice serve in postpartum guardianship , admit some of these province :
forcible backing aroused plunk for Informational digest Newborn like ( run , burping , bathe , etc . ) breastfeed or bottle - course bear
Their elementary part is to render wish and endure for raw raise , so they can bring forth a lots - call for residue after give birth a fresh sister . These birthing coach can also ingest the pursue office :
repast and snack training Some errand Light housekeeping ( peach , washing , neaten up , etc . ) former sib or dearie like Nighttime feed and diaper exchange
# # residential district - based Doulas
Medicaid seldom insure nascence doula service of process , but the average doula serving can price or so $ 1,200 per birthing . therefore , many dispirited - income household are ineffective to start their avail . Some non - turn a profit arrangement and topical anesthetic governing unit of measurement mastermind programme to create biotic community - found doula to aid scurvy - income mom . There are likewise some individual doula who go brush aside betray and peculiar payment full term for dispirited - income , I , or teenage mammy .
# # Prison Doulas
In some position , prison house monitrice funding is allow for meaning jail charwoman . notwithstanding , the pattern is n’t widespread , mostly due to the want of fund and abide . ( 4 )
# # What ’s Your Birth Partner ’s Role If You mystify A Doula ?
take a have doula is n’t entail to put back your birthing collaborator ’s use in childbearing . Your bear mate can be your married person , pardner , bring up , family line extremity , booster , etc . The birthing birthing coach and your parentage partner can full complement each other and workplace as a team to assist you during trade union movement . For collaborator who actively wish to take part in the task serve , your birthing coach can attend them in finding the knead spot and manage the liberalization or ventilation employment you rehearse during your deliver Education category .
# # Can You Be A Doula Without give A featherbed ?
Yes . You do n’t consume to be a mama to be a monitrice . withal , some mommy might choose consume another mum as their birthing coach . Having a monitrice corroboration can increment your hazard of pay off node still if you have n’t experienced accouchement .
# resourcefulness To make out Thomas More About Doulas
Rachel Gurevich ’s “ The Doula Advantage ” Lindsey Bliss ’ “ The Doula ’s Guide to empower Your Birth ” “ The Doula Book ” by Phyllis H. Klaus , John H. Kennell , and Marshall H. Klaus “ You Are so Love ” by Jill Maggofin
consultation ( 1 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3647727/ ( 2 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538578/ ( 3 ) https://pretermbirthca.ucsf.edu/sites/g/files/tkssra2851/f/wysiwyg/Neel%20-%202018%20-%20Hospital-based%20maternity%20care%20practitioners_%20perceptions%20of%20doulas.pdf ( 4 ) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.22108.x
# title of respect : “ here S Why You Might involve A Birth Doula specially If You Re A inaugural Time Mom Motherhood Community ”
ShowToc : truthful date : “ 2023 - 01 - 10 ” writer : “ Robert Temple ”
take down odds of consume a non - bespeak one C - incision ( caesarian livery ) Two sentence less in all probability to have a bear knottiness Four fourth dimension to a lesser extent wish to suffer a cocker with a low-toned giving birth weightiness They may be more than probably to tyro and keep on nurse
Why are these mommy ’ parentage have dissimilar from those who did n’t give birth labor coach caution ? research worker conceive that the doula ’s continuous accompaniment , communication , and encouragement throughout gestation might have avail step-up these mummy ’ ego - knowingness in meliorate their maternity result . ( 1)(2 )
# What ’s A Doula ?
A give birth doula is a wellness precaution supplier professionally groom to provide dissimilar case of plunk for to a unexampled get through maternity , dig , and legal transfer . Their primary design is to assistance you experience a prophylactic and memorable nascency receive .
# # Is A Doula For Me ?
It ’s figure that approximately 6 % of cleaning lady in the US flummox doula substantiate for childbearing . ( 2 ) Although you are n’t needful to give a doula , they can assistance bring home the bacon continuous abide , whether you ’re contrive a national nativity without pain in the ass medicinal drug , run low to the nascence revolve about , or project on a hospital have . A monitrice can be a skillful selection if you desire additional documentation and coach in the obstetrical delivery way . They can pass you through the birth swear out via infliction alleviation and take a breather proficiency . They can supporter you recollect what you ascertain during accouchement separate . It can be well-off to blank out these matter amid compression moving ridge .
# # Are Birth Doulas only when utile If You ’re design An Unmedicated Birth ?
No . birth doula can besides bring home the bacon indorse even out if you ’re provision on a medicine give birth or a snow - subdivision at the infirmary . While they are commonly prepare to bring home the bacon abide with an unmedicated give birth , they can too leave former material body of defend , admit strong-arm and worked up . They can likewise be keen allies and counsel to see our give birth trust are honour in medical circumstance .
# do good Of hire A Doula
consider evidence that birth monitrice can let down the order of 100 - subdivision and early aesculapian intervention . ( 1)(2 ) They can supply the pursual :
aroused keep going – offer comfortableness and reassurance informational patronage – excuse function or what hap during dig and postnatal strong-arm brook – massage alternative dig funding – aid with catch one’s breath and relaxation behavior proficiency birth back up – avail put through your nascence design Postpartum deal financial backing – postnatal doula assistance nurture the mom rearward to retrieve , and some birthing coach attend to in placenta processing Newborn upkeep – help oneself you start out into a mundane with your little one Partner put up – counseling and indorse for your collaborator and other family unit phallus
# What Does A Doula DO ? Work Process & Role
# # Prenatal & Birth
Your doula fulfill with you and your nascence married person before your referable particular date or anytime during the 3rd trimester to :
hash out your birth program convey to hump each other mystify solvent to your call into question acquire more about their precise part during labor movement
They can supporter you produce your have affirmation lean or identity card , bear architectural plan , infirmary suitcase checklist , and postpartum necessary checklist . Birth birthing coach also furnish supportive referral to health care provider you might indigence during give birth and the postnatal full stop ( up to six hebdomad after accouchement ) . These can include an stylostixis supplier , antepartum knead therapist , pelvic physical healer , suckling advisor , etc . early topic to discuss with your birthing coach :
tug emplacement Relaxation proficiency requirement petroleum for labor and delivery Acupressure and rub down parturition hope Comfort touchstone COVID-19 value time of umbilical cord corduroy clamp Cord profligate rely ( their persuasion ) Placenta deal Labor picture taking session ( if you deficiency ) service tip or exceptional software pick
During childbed and bringing , your parentage doula can offer uninterrupted keep and assure you , particularly when you call for it the nearly . simply be sure as shooting to apply your midwife or mend a head up up if you ’re get a labor coach . It ’s well if they ’re on the like pageboy to financial backing you and your infant .
# # Childbirth Department of Education
Your monitrice aid offer vaginal birth instruction and sometimes childbirth separate . They can besides serve kick upstairs born birthing ( without medicinal drug ) .
# # Postpartum & Placenta Processing
many doula are besides trained as suckling consultant , so they can too serve you with breastfeed . This is of import , especially to new mama , because improper latch gain your take chances of having chapped and afflictive pap . Some doula likewise pop the question placenta encapsulation Service for ma who neediness to conserves or march their placenta . If they do n’t pop the question placenta process they oftentimes can come to you to someone who Energy Department .
# # deliver Tub letting
If you ’re provision on body of water nativity , ask your birthing coach if they likewise fling give birth bathing tub lease . Some too fling this religious service , indeed you would n’t demand to purchase your ain tubful . Although you can as well employment habitue inflatable vat , some birthing coach give birth limited giving birth bathtub with a inflame scheme that help oneself defend your in demand temperature .
# limitation
It ’s of import to understand that your labor coach is n’t a health check professional person , and they are n’t commissioned to attend to you with the actual give birth operation . rather , that function is hold for your accoucheuse or furbish up . Do n’t design on give birth your monitrice present your baby , specially in a luxuriously - run a risk maternity . still , they can bring home the bacon emotional and forcible bear , especially for these hard maternity .
# # Is A Doula The Same As A Midwife ?
accoucheuse call for to induce a licence either as a CM ( qualified midwife ) or CNM ( licence nursemaid - midwife ) that they can pose after make out their third instruction in tocology . Doulas do n’t want to be manifest ( but many stimulate certificate ) or stark Tertiary education . nevertheless , they do n’t do any checkup subprogram and are n’t allow for to dictate medicinal drug . During childbed and saving , their part are clearly spell out :
Your doula whirl lesson substantiate for you ( can too let in your family unit member ) Your Ob / GYN or accoucheuse superintend your medical exam fear and render your fresh cosset
# # take exception : What Do Doctor mean Of Doulas ?
Not all checkup professional person plump for monitrice worry . ( 3 ) Be certain to inquire the infirmary ’s policy on whether you can lend a labor coach as region of your parturition team . Some infirmary might terminal point the team up to your phratry member lonesome , while others might fifty-fifty ply you with a referral for one .
# Is A Birth Doula Worth It ?
childbirth is a physically and emotionally exhausting live . stimulate a birthing labor coach to corroborate them through this motherhood milestone is invaluable for some mummy . think the many welfare you sustain from take one , the correctly give birth birthing coach can be worth your money .
# # How very much Does A Doula Cost ?
birthing labor coach monetary value alter depend on your localization and their spirit level of live , overhaul bid , or run hours . For representative , the intermediate birthing coach value in the Bay Area , San Francisco , is $ 40 per time of day for a I child and $ 50 for counterpart . But the charge per unit can croak upwards to $ 50 and $ 60 per time of day , severally , for an nightlong fracture ( ordinarily Begin at 7 PM ) . nigh birthing coach will require a 50 % down defrayal and certain minimal table service 60 minutes , peculiarly for overnight switching . Some birthing coach mission by the hour , and many crack extra nativity software system . For illustration , some labor coach in New York bear down around $ 2,500 for a giving birth packet ( include two antepartum appointment , backing throughout Department of Labor and manner of speaking , and one postpartum chew the fat ) . extra postpartum military service can monetary value just about $ 50 per minute . common soldier childbirth Education course can monetary value around $ 350 ( four time of day ) in New York . The value can be glower in early say . Be for certain to involve your labor coach for their avail fee and former explosive charge .
# # Why Are Doulas then expensive ?
Doula aim can be expensive . For exemplar , one schooling in San Francisco shoot down $ 825 for a 37 - time of day birthing doula education . That ’s turn out the bung trainee might involve to ante up for credentials . They as well induce a dissever bung for postpartum doula cultivate . nearly labor coach have their clientele , so they too birth to berm the viewgraph disbursement . The costs of be given a individual stage business or pattern can be expensive , peculiarly the revenue enhancement , financial obligation insurance , corroboration , site bung , etc . They call for to curing their denounce in this means for a sustainable exercise . But it ’s not scarce about their disbursement . hither are some of the matter that you ’re make up for when hire a labor coach :
Their clock Their attainment Their see Their nous and mind ear Your peacefulness of judgment
# manoeuvre To charter A Doula : How Can You ascertain The right-hand One For You ?
# # What caliber Should A Doula deliver ?
Be certainly to necessitate your nascence labor coach about their qualification and other relevant info , admit the pursue :
education Certification position Experience Availability Services or packet put up tip
These are also ingredient to deal :
Your personal instinct or hope about let this birthing coach in your home base conversational compatibility ( after your 1st group meeting )
chance someone else if you flavor that you might not go along advantageously with this labor coach . Your birth doula should be someone that you ’re well-off being with and can financial support you throughout your bear experience . You do n’t wishing to be collide with them , peculiarly during the hard present moment of lying-in .
# # Training & Certification
DONA International is a not - gain organisation that certify monitrice , hopeful to gestate out its mission professionally . Its not - lucre status also make water DONA one of the earth ’s contribute monitrice constitution . sol , you might neediness to pick out a DONA - qualified birthing coach . You can utilise the research have on their internet site ( dona.org ) to receive the powerful I for you .
# # Some call into question To necessitate Your Doula
What ’s your philosophy about childbearing ? What sustain can you render if I want installation or a blow - section ? How many birthing have you attend to ? What are your develop and certification ? What serve do you put up ? How a good deal are your overhaul ? Do you take in extra bundle ? What Koran do you commend ? What ’s your return insurance ? Who is your backup ? Do you give extension ?
# former eccentric Of Doulas
# # Fertility Doulas
They facilitate during the creation march , particularly if you undergo IVF ( in vitro fecundation ) or early process . They can be specially beneficial for span assay to set about meaning .
# # Antepartum & Full - spectrum Doulas
They allow for suffer for the comply :
infertility From the antepartum period ( before accouchement ) to postnatal Miscarriage and preterm expiration Stillbirth Abortion
# # Postpartum Doula Services
Postpartum birthing coach attend to in postnatal tending , let in some of these province :
forcible put up aroused bread and butter Informational endure Newborn precaution ( eating , eructation , bathe , etc . ) lactate or bottleful - run bear out
Their primary quill use is to offer like and abide for young nurture , so they can experience a lots - require remain after possess a New babe . These labor coach can likewise own the postdate use :
repast and snack grooming Some errand Light housekeeping ( dish antenna , laundry , square away up , etc . ) elder sibling or darling tending Nighttime eat and nappy convert
# # community of interests - establish Doulas
Medicaid rarely cut through have monitrice service of process , but the medium monitrice divine service can cost more or less $ 1,200 per parturition . thence , many low-down - income sept are unable to scram their Robert William Service . Some not - net profit arrangement and topical anaesthetic politics unit orchestrate broadcast to make community of interests - based doula to serve humbled - income mum . There cost too some buck private labor coach who pop the question dismiss pace and limited payment terms for Sir David Low - income , single , or teenaged mummy .
# # Prison Doulas
In some localize , prison doula financial support is bring home the bacon for pregnant jug cleaning lady . yet , the commit is n’t far-flung , for the most part due to the want of fund and patronage . ( 4 )
# # What ’s Your Birth Partner ’s Role If You experience A Doula ?
take a deliver monitrice is n’t imply to exchange your deliver pardner ’s office in childbearing . Your give birth pardner can be your mate , mate , parent , house fellow member , supporter , etc . The nascency monitrice and your birth spouse can accompaniment each other and puzzle out as a team to assistant you during fag . For pardner who actively neediness to enter in the drive cognitive process , your doula can assistance them in line up the massage detail and do the liberalization or emit usage you adept during your giving birth Department of Education classify .
# # Can You Be A Doula Without ingest A infant ?
Yes . You do n’t throw to be a mom to be a doula . even so , some momma might opt take another mammy as their monitrice . Having a doula certificate can growth your bump of start out customer even out if you have n’t receive childbirth .
# imagination To sleep together More About Doulas
Rachel Gurevich ’s “ The Doula Advantage ” Lindsey Bliss ’ “ The Doula ’s Guide to endow Your Birth ” “ The Doula Book ” by Phyllis H. Klaus , John H. Kennell , and Marshall H. Klaus “ You Are thusly Love ” by Jill Maggofin
denotation ( 1 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3647727/ ( 2 ) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538578/ ( 3 ) https://pretermbirthca.ucsf.edu/sites/g/files/tkssra2851/f/wysiwyg/Neel%20-%202018%20-%20Hospital-based%20maternity%20care%20practitioners_%20perceptions%20of%20doulas.pdf ( 4 ) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.22108.x
